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,.. . Go IDENTIFYING THE NOUN CLAUSE: ..
\\ verb\\ . Notice:
This really is the same as any
other graphic analysis, except that the many parts of a verb
are treated as if they were a single word when the parts are
together, separate if not. First he \\washed\\ the
car, and then \\drove to fill\\ with gas. He \\would
have been\\ happily \\able to go\\ yesterday It is not wrong to analyse subordinate noun clauses, but not necessary unless
asked to identify the use of each word as in parsing. Do all the smiling people make us happy? all the smiling people do
make us happy Are those shoes too tight? \\Are\\ (those) __shoes__ { //too //
(tight) } The copula verb 'to be' is a give-away. is, are, were, will be The boys \\did\\ //not//
\\mean to create\\ such a mess! .
It is what it does
. . . Adjectives describe. They
tell what kind, condition REVIEW: What
is a clause? A principal clause is a complete sentence. (The) (big) (black) __cat__ (that
yowled) \\ lives\\ //next door//. __We__ \\had to get\\ //home// //before the rain caught us.// __She__ \\drove\\ //through a blizzard//
(that hid the road') through a blizzard is a simple adverb
phrase, where
Why the object "you"? ---"\\convinced\\ [you]" --of what?-- that pigs>. . . . __What he found in his mail__ //suddenly//
\\eased\\ [(all) (his) worries.] .
Likewise, __That you believe in fairy tales__ made you think [pigs
could fly.] __We__ \\knew\\ [that he would never return.]
After what she had seen on TV she had no urge to go there. //After
what she had seen on TV // __she__ \\had\\ ------------ During what had to be the worst storm of the year, they hid in the basement. // During what had to be the worst storm of the year,// __they__ \\hid\\ //in the basement.// // During __what__ \\had to be\\
{the worst storm of the year},// they
hid in the basement. ----------- // Before we could escape// (all) (the)__ lights __ \\went\\ //out.//
E7 ASSIGNMENT Graphic analysis Best 5 count g. The truth of the matter is that no politician should have Assignment E7b For the brave:
From this selection with nine sentences pasted from B7a, select more
than five sentences to be analysed. In this short anecdote, we see the value of dialogue and what we call "business"
in scripts, what they do, in helping us "see" the characters. Some writers spend pages describing the
appearance of characters but leave them made of cardboard, even so. It reflects society perhaps, where externals show what we seem to be, not who we are. Although it
is not the only description needed, all Major characters need more than that. .
Grefs7E, Cumulative REFERENCES
Copyright Terry Gibson, Updated May 2007
SUseful already
. . . . COURSE ONE Trophy
. . .. .Basic and Intermediate
ok
. . . . . . COURSE TWO Trophy
. . ...Intermediate and Advanced
.Grefs 7A
.Grefs 7EGrefs 8A
Grefs 8E
GREFS are the grammar references presented as self-instruction
in eight units
AND in Allpoetry Classes:
TWO-TROPHY COURSE if all five assignments of eight levels are
attempted
(Choices exist)
ONE-TROPHY COURSE if half the assignments from eight levels
are attempted
Download a copy of the Student Record to keep track.
.*Points given for A's until my own are all gone. DeeCrepit*
.
with thanks to Charlynn for continuing to help !
Ready to use but please scroll if links are still missing.
Only PART E7 is here
The Source of All Knowledge (uh)
GRAM-GREFS
Your dictionary could tell these things, but this is a running list of terms.....
and definitions when first met, giving their meaning.
You think I jest? Forsooth!
....
.... ...
The 1995 text that serves as reference is recent but will be replaced within.. ....
the next year or so as we get more and more muddled. Keep current.....
...... ......
And so we continue
a Leisurely Crash Course in Written English
Note, use of z or s in the word analysing varies in US and UK
E7..REFERENCES..
ARE IN THIS PART
Senior Stuff Introduction
1. Recognizing phrases and 1b indirect
objects
2.
Graphic analysis of sentences with complex verbs
3. Recognizing subordinate
adverb and adjective clauses
Graphic-analysing them in sentences.
4. Noun clause used as subject,
5. Noun
clause used as object of a verb,
6. Noun clause used as object of a preposition.
7. Noun clause used as subjective completion.
Graphic-analysing them in sentences.
Check the glossary for meanings of
Nouns, pronouns, adjectives, articles, verbs, adverbs,
prepositions, conjunctions, participles, gerunds
in web2006/Grefs1.htm
Copy / paste
to save time and to clarify:
__ Subject
__ .anoun or pronoun
( word )
Article ( the, a ) or
Adjective
( word, phrase
or clause )
// word // Adverb
. .. . . . . . //
word, phrase or clause
//
[[ word ]] Object of verb
# word # Indirect object
.<
word > Conjunction
{( adjective )}
SC:
subjective complement
also called subjective completion
{[ noun ]} SC: same as subject
the Subjective-Comp CODE
must be updated if it differs from this.
.
. ..... . Editing, analyzing, correcting our own
work
As we approach the end of our course, we
must remember the goal: publishable writing. To that end, not only do we need to be able to analyse
anything and everything we read, but also what we also have written. It is a matter of awareness after, not before
so that it cannot get in the way of our own natural way to express our thoughts.
We proofread before sending.
That should be a habit by now, checking for spelling and punctuation, changing things that are not clear, perhaps
rearraging the order in which sentences follow each other to improve their effect, to make better sense.
Add one more thing: analysis.
It does not need to be fully written out graphically as we do it here, but to know it could be done. Take that last sentence: Find the verbs.
With enter-enter-enter, stack them (or visualize it done.)
It does not need to be fully written out graphically
as we do it here,
but to know
it could be done. . . . that ... it could be done
Let me show you my thinking:
It does not need to be fully written
out graphically
[ written looks like a verb but describes the subject "it."
Aha! Subjective completion!
That makes it a past
participle acting
as an adjective.
.Bold {
shows it applies to the whole clause.}
_It_ \\does\\ //not// \\need to be\\ {//fully// (written) //out graphically// }
as we do it here,
That is a subordinate clause (clause because it has a subject and a verb) and because it modifies the adverb "graphically"
it can only be an adverb clause.
it answers "what" so it is the object of the verb
do
"as" is a subordinating
conjunction introducing a clause
telling how.
// as _we_ \\do\\ [it] //here//, //
.Bold // shows it applies to the whole clause.//
but to know it could be done.
"but" is a conjunction that compares things here.
Look at the whole sentence: It does not need to be fully written
out graphically as we do it here, but to know it could be done.
"but" compares two methods (go back to the whole meaning)
but to know it could be done. is an incomplete principal clause, with "it is" understood.
but _it_ \\ is . . .to know\\ it could
be done.
to know what? that . . . it
could be done. Noun clause
but _it_ \\
is . . .to know\\ [ it could be done.]
That is about as tricky as it gets.
If you treat them as puzzles they become like games, for all games
have rules and this does too.
What to do if it doesn't seem to fit the rules you know?
Simplify.
Is there a less complicated way to say the same thing?
If not, perhaps by the end of our course, it will have become easy.
" it will have become" is an interesting verb. It is in the future but is by then in the past. Often called the "future
perfect" obviously the word "perfect" has a second meaning.
Consider the present perfect :
I have learned (present
of have and the past participle, learned
It is true now, but happened
in the past.
the past perfect :
I had learned (past of have and the past participle, learned.
It has been true , and happened in the past.
the future perfect :
I will have learned (future of have and the past participle, learned. It
is in the future but is
by then in the past.
I hope that helps.
E73
2.EFor OPEN-BOOK Sentence Analysis REVIEW Assignments7
E72 Graphic analysis of sentences
with complex verbs
.. . . . . . . . . . . . Analysing them in sentences.. . .
He \\will be coming\\ home tomorrow.
__He__ \\will be coming\\ //home//
//tomorrow//
//First// __he__ \\washed\\
[(the) car], and //then// \\drove
to fill\\ //with gas. //
__He__ \\would
have been\\//happily// \\able to go\\ //yesterday//
But be careful~ He said what?
__He__ \\said\\ [ he would have been happily able to go yesterday.]
The relative pronoun "that" is understood to begin the object.
Question: When \\will\\ you \\be
coming\\ home?
//When// \\will\\
__you__ \\be coming\\ //home//?
Sometimes a question is really confusing. When that happens, turn it around
to answer itself, first.
\\Do\\ all the smiling people \\make\\ us happy?
\\Do\\ (all) (the) (smiling) __people__ \\make\\ [us (happy) ]?
Find the verb: are. Rearrange,
in your mind Subject?
shoes are too tight. Too tight describes shoes... Subjective completion!
Negative: He \\will\\not \\be coming\\ home today.
__He__ \\will\\ //not //
\\be coming\\ //home // //today//
(The) __boys__ \\did\\ //not // \\mean to create\\ [(such
a) mess!]
E74
.E7EFor OPEN-BOOK Sentence Analysis REVIEW Assignments7 .E7
E73 . . . . Recognizing
adverb and adjective clauses
.. . . .
. . . . . . . . Analysing
them in sentences..
. . . . There
is no need to identify all parts of a subordinate clause.
quality, colour, size, and how
many.
Adverbs answer when, where, why, and
how.
Adverbs also answer how when they modify how big adjectives are and how suddenly the adverb broke.
The same thing happens
with Adjective PHRASES (dead)
(as a doornail) --no verb
and Adjective CLAUSES (happier) (than we were.) --verb
The same thing happens
with Adverb PHRASES // safely// // over the bridge// . where
and Adverb CLAUSES// only
// // when it happened // .when.
or // quickly// // as
they appeared.// .
. how, when
In a nutshell:
A subordinate
clause contains a subject and verb, and when adverb, answers the
question how? when? why? or where? or what kind? which? or how many? if it is an adjective clause.
Graphic Analysis:
3.E7 which cat? Adjective clause
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . why, when? Adverb clause
Repeat: There is no need to identify all parts of a subordinate
clause.
Interesting cases:
and that hid the road' is an adjective clause modifying the noun "blizzard."
If it modifies a noun, any noun in the sentence, it is an adjective.
. .
(The) __refugees__ \\will perish\\ //unless
food arrives soon. //
However it
is an adverb clause because it modifies the verb "will perish."
.
.
E75
.E7For OPEN-BOOK Sentence Analysis REVIEW Assignments7.E7
E74. . . . . . . . . IDENTIFYING THE NOUN CLAUSE:
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Noun clause used as a subject
.. . . .
. . . . . . . . .
. .Analysing them in sentences..
. Repeat:
There is no need to identify all parts of a subordinate clause.
SUBJECT noun clause:
Clue: ask "what happened?" or "who did that ?" and
if such a subject CONTAINS a verb, you probably have a noun clause if
it also can be replaced by "IT"
EXAMPLES
__That you believe in fairy tales__ made you think pigs
could fly.
Used as a subject. IT made you think (subject ) and contains a verb, believe.
__That you believe in fairy tales__
\\made\\ [you] \\think\\ [pigs could fly.]. . . . Think what? that
pigs could fly.
__What he found in his mail__ suddenly
eased all his worries.
Used as a subject. IT eased his worries,
contains verb "found"
..
E76
.E77EFor OPEN-BOOK Sentence Analysis REVIEW Assignments7.E7
E75 . . . . . . . . IDENTIFYING THE NOUN CLAUSE:
. . . . . . . . . . . . . Noun
clause used as object
of a verb
.. . . .
. .. . .
. . . . . Analysing them in sentences..
. Repeat: There is no need to identify all parts of a subordinate
clause.
an OBJECT NOUN CLAUSE answers "what?" or "whom?"
and contains a verb. Affected by, receiving an action, "IT" replaces it.
EXAMPLES
Used as a object. ... made you think "what?" and has a verb, could
fly.
__That you believe in fairy tales__ \\made\\ [you] \\think\\
[pigs could fly.]
We knew [that he would never return]. Knew "what?"
Used as an object, it has a verb would return
in it.
They insisted that the experiment can
succeed.
insisted "what?" Used as an object, it has a verb can succeed
E77
.E77EFor OPEN-BOOK Sentence Analysis REVIEW Assignments7.E7
E76 . . . . . . . . IDENTIFYING THE NOUN CLAUSE:
. . . . . . . . Noun
clause used as object
of a preposition
.. . . .
. .. . .
. . . . . Analysing them in sentences..
. Repeat: There is no need to identify all parts of a subordinate
clause.
Here the preposition 'after' has as its object the noun clause
what she had seen on TV. Almost always,
such a noun clause begins with a relative pronoun
rather than a subordinating conjunction.
Other relative pronouns include 'that' and 'who'
Graphic Analysis at this stage does
not require parsing the content of clauses, but nothing forbids doing so.
(Parsing means to tell what each word does.)
[(no) urge] \\to go\\ // there //.
However, the clause:
// After [what] __she__\\had seen\\
// on TV// // needs
second //
And, the clause:
the clause:
// Before __we__ \\could escape\\ // all the lights went out.
.E77EFor OPEN-BOOK Sentence Analysis REVIEW Assignments7.E7
E77 . . . . . . . . IDENTIFYING THE NOUN CLAUSE:
. . . . . . . Noun
clause used as subjective completion
.. . . .
. .. . .
. . . . . Analysing them in sentences..
. Repeat: There is no need to identify all parts of a subordinate
clause.
Whenever you see any part of the verb 'to BE' check to see
if something is the same as / or describes the subject.
If so it may have a subjective completion. How
can you decide?
Change to its answer if it is a question:
\\Is\\ this the book you wanted to find?
Change to its answer when it is a question:
This is { the book} ( that . . . you
wanted to find)
{ the book } is a SC, but it
has no verb, not a clause.
It does have a subjective completion, book, but the clause is adjective.
\\Is\\ this what you were looking for?
Change to its answer when it is a question:
This is { what you were looking for. } Bingo! But hold it--
for what you were looking--
It does have a subjective completion, what, but the clause
is object of the preposition for.
So how else can you decide?
Look for a preposition. (behind
a wall, under the rug, by now
NOT if it cannot make a clause without adding a verb.
Try again. The subjective completion has to describe the subject, or be the same as the subject. Other than that, these sentences are easy.
The question remains, who left the door unlocked?
The __question__ \\ remains,\\ { __who__ \\left\\ [(the) door [unlocked]?}
If beauty is in the eye of the beholder what do the blind see?
Same as:
What do the blind see if beauty is in the eye of the beholder?
This test helps decide if it is a subjective completion. Not
// If __beauty__ \\is\\ //in the eye (of the beholder)// [what]
\\do\\ ( the) __blind__ \\see\\?
Time is money, until you try to spend it in a store.
__Time__ \\is\\ { money, until __you__
\\ try to spend\\ [it]
//in a store//. }
.
a. What the politician said did not explain the deficit.
b. No matter what else you do, please be safe over the
. . holiday.
c. The news she told us was shocking.
d. That we know his idea so well will save a lot of time.
e. They could not believe what the prisoner told them.
f. If at once you don't succeed, try, try again.
. . bad secrets.
.
(Your best five, including the shortest one, will count.) . .
We have met newly retired Rolly and his pipe before, but here we meet Maud, a neighbour. She is not physically
described other than to say she pulls a wheeled shopping cart. Yet from the way she speaks, her characteristic
expression plugs into memories of eccentric old biddies that readers have known. Memory's pictures can be more
detailed without the interference of words.
Full graphic analysis is expected.
Good luck!
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